The Effects of Cell Perturbations on Superfluid Helium Vortices
نویسندگان
چکیده
Helium is unique among the elements in that it does not freeze at low temperatures and pressures, remaining a liquid all the way down to absolute zero at standard pressure. It also has the lowest boiling point, 4.22 K[1], and is the only element to has a superfluid phase transition (2.17 K). While a solid phase does exist, it requires extreme pressure, around 25 atmospheres. A phase diagram for helium is shown in figure 1.
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